Insulin (INS) is derived from the pancreas and consists of isletsβThe cells secrete and enter the blood circulation through the portal vein and liver. Islets of langerhans β cells first synthesize a large molecule of proinsulin, then process it into 86 peptide proinsulin, and then hydrolyze it into INS and C-peptide. Therefore, C-peptide and a small amount of proinsulin are released together with INS. INS has a wide range of functions in the body, mainly including helping the liver, adipose tissue and muscle tissue to absorb sugar, which is the so-called hypoglycemic effect. In type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pregnancy diabetes, obesity diabetes, secondary diabetes, hypoglycemia syndrome, insulinβCell tumor and other diseases are of great significance in the diagnosis.
As a result of biofeedback the insulin levels increase with intake of sugars and decline when sugar content is low for absorption. In the diabetic population the mechanism of insulin production is impaired because of genetic predispositions (Type I) or because of lifestyle and/or hereditary factors (Type II). In such cases either the insulin production has to be boosted by medication or it has to be supplemented by oral or intravenous methods.
Anti-insulin antibodies (IAA) can appear in the subclinical and clinical stages of type 1 diabetes.
1.IAA is one of the causes of insulin resistance. After long-term use of insulin in diabetic patients, they may become less sensitive to insulin due to the production of insulin antibodies. Therefore, IAA can be used to monitor the patient's response to insulin.
2.Used to evaluate the quality of insulin preparations. The higher the purity of the insulin preparation (i.e. immunogen), the lower the detection rate of IAA after patient use, and the better the clinical treatment effect.
3. Assess insulin autoimmune syndrome. When IAA is detected in the patient's serum, the concentration of total insulin and free insulin are both significantly increased.
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