Sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) are among the most common causes of illness in the world. Among the different sexually transmitted diseases, C andidiasis , T richomoniasis and B acterial vaginosis are responsible for 90% of cases of infectious origin .
Candida albicans can cause vulva and vaginal inflammation in women, mainly manifested as sticky vaginal discharge, yellow or cheese like spots, vulva/vaginal itching or burning, bean dreg-like leucorrhea and other clinical symptoms. Candida albicans accounts for approximately 80-90% of all vulvovaginitis cases. Approximately, 75% of women will be diagnosed with Candida at least once during their life time. 40-50% of them will suffer recurrent infections and 5% are estimated to develop chronic Candidiasis. Predisposing factors for VVC include pregnancy, use of high-oestrogen oral contraceptives, d iabetes m ellitus, taking of wide spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroid, premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, depressed cell mediated immunity (e.g. AIDS) and obesity.
Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) , which occurs in both men and women in the world. Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated pathogen protozoan belonging to the order Trichomonadida located in both, male and female urogenital tract but it has also been isolated from the respiratory tract of infants and adults. In women it can be found in the vagina and in the urethra, while in men it can be found in the urethra, the prostate and the epididymis. Trichomonas vaginalis infection has been associated with vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis, premature rupture of membranes and premature delivery in pregnant women. There is evidence to suggest that individuals with trichomonia-sis are at a higher risk for contracting HIV infection during sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner. Trichomoniasis accounts for 15-20% of the cases of vaginitis. Trichomoniasis is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse.
Gardnerella vaginalis is the dominant species involved in bacterial vaginosis (BV). G. vaginalis is also a normal commensal of the vaginal micro flora in healthy women. Normally, the vaginal flora is dominated by the lactobacilli species, but when organisms such as Gardnerella begin to overgrow and become the dominant species, this leads to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Abundant foul–smelling vaginal secretions are the typical symptom of infection by Gardnerella vaginalis (GV). Gardnerella vaginalis is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. I n addition to the peculiar smell released when the disease occurs, there are often itching symptoms. The bacterium can also cause cervicitis, unclean abortion, postoperative infection, urinary tract infection and other diseases. Because the inflammatorn reaction is not obvious, the medical definition of this disease is vaginal disease, not vaginitis.
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